The president, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva of the leftist Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), continues to enjoy record levels of popularity and favourable economic conditions. However, the government seems unlikely to capitalise on its strong position to advance any ambitious reforms before the governing coalition begins to unravel, as political manoeuvring starts ahead of mid-term elections in late 2008. A framework encompassing fiscal discipline, a floating exchange rate and inflation-targeting will be maintained. Measures to stimulate investment in infrastructure and tax breaks for targeted sectors will help to accelerate GDP growth beyond the country's sluggish long-term average. However, structural fiscal weaknesses will restrict the scope for increased public investment or an alleviation of the tax burden and will constrain the pace of interest rate reductions. Following real GDP growth of an estimated 4.7% in 2007, the Economist Intelligence Unit forecasts a moderate slowdown in 2008-09, with growth averaging 4.3%. The current-account surplus will narrow as import growth outweighs export expansion. |
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| Key Reports Available for Brazil |
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| Land area | | 8,547,400 sq km, of which around 44% is suitable for agriculture | | Population | | 183.9m (2007) | | Main towns | | Population at last census (2006 official estimate, m) | | Sao Paulo: 10,887 | | Rio de Janeiro: 6,093 | | Salvador: 2,893 | | Brasilia (capital): 2,456 | | Fortaleza: 2,431 | | Belo Horizonte: 2,413 | | Climate | | Mainly tropical and subtropical; mild on the southern coast and in the higher regions | | Weather in Sao Paulo (altitude 760 metres) | | Hottest month, December, 23-30°C; coldest month, June, 15-22°C, average monthly minimum and maximum; driest month, August; wettest month, February | | Language | | Portuguese | | Measures | | Metric system | | Currency | | Real (R); average exchange rate in 2007, R1.95:US$1; exchange rate on May 15th 2008: R1.66:US$1 | | Time | | The states along the coast, including eastern Para, Brasilia-DF, Minas Gerais, Goias and Tocantins, are three hours behind GMT (official time in Brazil); the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rondonia, most of Amazonas, Roraima and western Para are four hours behind GMT; the states of Acre and the south-western part of Amazonas are five hours behind GMT | | Public holidays | | January 1st; January 20th (Rio de Janeiro city only); January 25th (Sao Paulo city only); Carnival (unofficial holiday, two days in February or March); Good Friday; April 21st; April 23rd (Rio de Janeiro city only); May 1st; Corpus Christi; July 10th (Sao Paulo state only); September 7th; October 12th; November 2nd and 15th; November 20th (Rio de Janeiro state only); December 25th | | SOURCE: Country Profile |
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