The booming economy is likely to keep the United Progressive Alliance coalition government, led by the Indian National Congress party, in power until early 2009, when the next general election is expected to be held (it must take place by May of that year). The prime minister, Manmohan Singh, will continue to push for economic reforms, but will be constrained in this by the demands of coalition government. The outcome of the next parliamentary election is likely to be another coalition administration. Monetary policy will continue to be tightened during the remainder of 2007. Real GDP growth will remain very strong in the forecast period, averaging 8.4% in fiscal year 2007/08 (April-March) and 7.9% in 2008/09. Inflationary pressures will come under control, but the Reserve Bank of India (RBI, the central bank) will remain vigilant. Strong domestic demand will lead to a significant widening of the merchandise trade deficit, but surpluses on the services and transfers accounts will limit the current-account deficit to less than 2% of GDP in 2008-09. |
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| Land area | | 3,287,263 sq km (including Indian-administered Kashmir); 57% is agricultural land and 16% forest area | | Population | | 1.13bn (mid-2007) | | Main towns | | Population in millions, 2001 census | | Mumbai (Bombay): 16.4 | | Kolkata (Calcutta): 13.2 | | Delhi: 12.8 | | Chennai (Madras): 6.4 | | Bangalore: 5.7 | | Hyderabad: 5.5 | | Climate | | Varied; humid subtropical in Ganges basin, semi-arid in the north-west, tropical humid in north-east and most of the peninsula, tundra in the Himalayas; all areas receive rain from the south-west monsoon in June-September; the south is also served by the north-east monsoon in January-March | | Weather in New Delhi (altitude 218 metres) | | Hottest month, May, 26-41°C (average daily minimum and maximum); coldest month, January, 7-21°C; driest month, November, 4 mm average rainfall; wettest month, July, 180 mm average rainfall | | Languages | | Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the population. There are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi and Sanskrit. English is widespread in business circles and as a second language | | Religion | | Hindu (80.5% in 2001 census); Muslim (13.4%); Christian (2.3%); Sikh (1.9%); Buddhist (0.8%); Jain (0.4%) | | Measures | | Metric system. Numbers are often written in lakhs (100,000) and crores (10m) | | Currency | | Rupee (Rs)=100 paise. Average exchange rate in 2007: Rs41.2:US$1. Exchange rate on June 6th 2008: Rs42.63:US$1 | | Fiscal year | | April 1st-March 31st | | Time | | 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT | | Public holidays | | January 26th; August 15th; October 2nd; also major Hindu, Muslim, Christian and other religious holidays | | SOURCE: Country Profile |
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