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EIU Iran

Overview

The decision of the president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, to replace several high-profile cabinet ministers as well as Iran's top nuclear negotiator, Ali Larijani, will further strengthen his hold over the hardline conservative government, which appears also to have the express backing of the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. It is significant that the sidelining of so-called pragmatic conservatives comes before the parliamentary election in March 2008, as the president is facing growing criticism over his handling of the nuclear issue as well as over the state of the Iranian economy. As domestic pressure mounts over perceived economic failings, the focus on Iran's nuclear programme will intensify. Official defiance in the face of international demands that Iran suspend uranium enrichment remains resolute. The prospect of further and tighter economic sanctions may yet prompt a small shift in Iran's nuclear strategy. The current account will record an estimated surplus of 7.4% of GDP in fiscal year 2007/08 (March 21st-March 20th), which will narrow to an average of around 4% of GDP in 2008-09. Annual real GDP growth will average just below 4% over the outlook period.

Key Reports Available for Iran
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  • Country Profile
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  • Country Risk Service
  • Basic Data

    Total area
    163.6m ha
    Population
    55.8m (1996 census); 71.2m (IMF year-end 2007)
    Towns with populations in excess of 500,000
    Population in '000 (2007 Economist Intelligence Unit estimates)
    Tehran (capital): 7,705 Shiraz: 1,205
    Mashhad: 2,411 Qom: 1,042
    Isfahan: 1,583 Ahvaz: 790
    Tabriz: 1,379 Bakhtaran (formerly Kermanshah): 643
    Climate
    Continental, with extremes of temperature
    Weather in Tehran (altitude 1,220 metres)
    Hottest month, July, 22-37°C (average daily maximum and minimum); coldest month, January, minus 3-7°C; driest month, July, 3 mm average rainfall; wettest month, January, 46 mm average rainfall
    Official language
    Persian (Farsi)
    Measures
    Metric system. Some local measures are used, including: 1 jerib=0.108 ha; 1 artaba=0.66 hl; 1 rey=11.88 kg
    Calendar
    The Iranian year begins on March 21st, and contains 31 days in each of the first six months, 30 days in the next five months and 29 in the 12th month (30 in every fourth year). The system relates to the Prophet Mohammed's flight from Mecca in 622 AD, but, unlike the Islamic calendar, follows solar years. The Gregorian equivalent can be found by adding 621 years to the Iranian date. The Iranian year 1387 began on March 21st 2008
    Currency
    Rial (IR); IR10=1 toman. (Although all government statistics are given in rials, in conversation Iranians refer to tomans.) The multiple exchange rate, offering an "official" rate of IR1,752:US$1 and a floating rate of some IR8,000:US$1, was replaced by a single floating rate at the start of fiscal year 2002/03. The new rate had depreciated from IR7,950:US$1 at its launch to IR9,193:US$1 as of August 2008
    Time
    3.5 hours ahead of GMT
    Public holidays
    Many holidays are religious and based on the Islamic year. Exceptions include New Year (Now Rouz) celebrations (March 21st-24th)


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